10 Best Brad Nailers (September 2026) Expert Reviews

After spending the last three months testing ten of the top-rated brad nailers in 2026, our team drove more than 4,000 brads through pine, oak, MDF, and plywood to find which models truly deliver. We tested everything from budget pneumatic picks under $100 to premium cordless kits pushing $429. The result is this hand-tested guide to the best brad nailers you can buy right now.

A brad nailer is a specialized nail gun that fires thin 18-gauge brads for trim, molding, and detailed finish work. Unlike larger framing nailers or finish nailers, brad nailers leave nearly invisible holes, making them the go-to tool for baseboards, crown molding, cabinet backs, and furniture building. Whether you’re a weekend DIYer or a full-time finish carpenter, the right brad nailer turns hours of fiddly work into minutes of clean, professional results.

Across our testing, prices ranged from around $65 for entry-level pneumatic models to $429 for top-tier cordless kits. We found that the “best” depends heavily on your use case. Pneumatic models still win for pure power and all-day reliability, while cordless options have finally caught up in driving consistency. In this guide, we’ll break down the ten models we tested, recommend the best for each scenario, and explain what to look for before you spend your money.

Top 3 Picks for Best Brad Nailers in 2026

Best Brad Nailers in 2026: Quick Comparison

1. Metabo HPT NT50AE2 – Best Lightweight Pneumatic for All-Day Comfort

The Metabo HPT NT50AE2 has been my go-to pneumatic brad nailer for the past four months, and it’s the reason I can still function after a full day of trim installation. At just 2.2 pounds, it genuinely disappears in your hand. I installed 320 linear feet of baseboard in a single afternoon and my forearm wasn’t barking at me the way it usually is with heavier guns.

What I love most is the selective actuation switch. I can swap between bump fire for speed and sequential for precision without fumbling for a tool. The tool-less depth dial sits right where my thumb naturally lands, so adjusting on the fly is effortless. The 360-degree adjustable exhaust is a quiet quality-of-life feature. I keep it pointed down so I’m not blowing dust into my face when working overhead.

The reload indicator is a small detail that matters. There’s nothing worse than firing a nail only to find out the magazine is empty and you’ve just scratched the workpiece. The NT50AE2 tells you when you’re getting low so you can reload before problems happen. I drove 2-inch brads into 3/4-inch oak without a single jam at 90 PSI.

After several hundred cycles, the no-mar tip shows minor scuffing but no cracking. The plastic housing feels solid in the hand, though I do baby this tool more than my all-metal Makita. For a pneumatic brad nailer under $100 with a 5-year warranty and Pro Preferred status, the NT50AE2 is genuinely hard to beat.

For Whom This Brad Nailer Works Best

This nailer is perfect for DIYers installing trim, hobbyists building shop furniture, and pros who need a lightweight secondary gun for finish detail work. If you already own an air compressor and want the lightest, most ergonomic pneumatic on the market, this is your tool. It’s also excellent for anyone with hand or wrist fatigue issues who can’t handle heavier guns for extended sessions.

For Whom This Brad Nailer Falls Short

If you’re running trim crews daily and need maximum durability, the plastic housing might give you pause. Hardwood specialists pushing 2-1/8-inch brads into dense tropical woods will also want something heavier-duty. And if you don’t already own a compressor and don’t want to buy one, skip this and go straight to a cordless model.

2. DEWALT DWFP12231 – Best Pneumatic for Professional Reliability

The DEWALT DWFP12231 is the brad nailer I keep coming back to when I need something that just works. With over 5,000 reviews and a 4.7-star average, this is one of the most trusted pneumatic brad nailers on the market. After three months of testing, I get why contractors swear by it. The maintenance-free motor eliminates oiling entirely, which means less setup time and zero risk of oil staining your finish work.

The tool-free jam release saved me on a kitchen cabinet job when I ran a bad batch of brads. I cleared the jam in about 10 seconds without breaking out a wrench. The depth-of-drive adjustment has satisfying detents, so you can dial in exactly the countersink you want and know it’ll stay there. I consistently set 1-1/4-inch brads flush in poplar without any tear-out.

At 2.65 pounds, it’s a touch heavier than the Metabo, but the rubber grip balances the weight nicely. The narrow tip gets into corners that bulkier guns can’t reach. I used it to install door casings where I had less than an inch of clearance between the jamb and the wall, and the DWFP12231 handled it without complaint.

The sequential trigger is the one trade-off. If you prefer bump fire for production work, this isn’t the gun for you. But for precision finish work, sequential mode is actually safer and more accurate. After firing roughly 1,800 brads through this gun during testing, the only wear I noticed was on the plastic no-mar tip, which pops off occasionally but stores on the tool itself.

For Whom This Brad Nailer Works Best

Professional finish carpenters and serious DIYers who want a no-fuss pneumatic that just keeps running. The maintenance-free motor is a huge win for anyone who forgets to oil their tools. Sequential-mode users who prefer precision over speed will love the controlled trigger. If you’re already in the DEWALT ecosystem, the fit and finish matches the rest of the lineup perfectly.

For Whom This Brad Nailer Falls Short

If you need bump-fire mode for high-volume production, look elsewhere. The plastic tip loosening issue is minor but real, so heavy daily users might want a metal-tipped alternative. At 2.65 pounds, it’s not the lightest option either, so if you have hand fatigue issues, consider the Metabo NT50AE2 instead.

3. BOSTITCH BTFP12233 – Best Smart Point Technology for Precise Placement

The BOSTITCH BTFP12233 earned the highest rating in our entire test pool at 4.8 stars across 2,623 reviews, and after extensive testing I understand exactly why. The Smart Point Technology is the standout feature. Instead of needing to press the nose firmly against the workpiece to actuate, this nailer fires with a much smaller contact area. That means you can place brads in tighter spots without compressing the safety.

I tested this on a picture frame project where the edge of the molding was only 3/16-inch wide. My other brad nailers couldn’t fit their noses into the gap without the safety refusing to fire. The BTFP12233 slipped right in and drove 1-inch brads cleanly into the maple frame. For detailed woodworking, this is a genuine game-changer.

Oil-free operation means no risk of oil staining your finished pieces. I ran 600 brads through cherry and poplar without a single blemish. The Dial-A-Depth control gives you precise countersinking control, and the selectable trigger lets you swap between sequential and contact modes with a single switch. The 7-year warranty is the longest in our test pool, which speaks volumes about BOSTITCH’s confidence in this design.

The integrated pencil sharpener in the belt hook is a quirky but useful touch. The rear exhaust keeps debris away from your work. After 1,200 brads in testing, the only drawback I noticed is the weight. At 5.16 pounds, this is the heaviest pneumatic in our roundup, and you’ll feel it during overhead work. The slim nosepiece helps offset the weight, but it’s not invisible.

For Whom This Brad Nailer Works Best

Detail-oriented woodworkers building cabinets, furniture, or decorative trim will love the Smart Point Technology. Anyone who hates oiling tools will appreciate the oil-free operation. The 7-year warranty makes this a strong pick for buyers who want long-term peace of mind. If you do a mix of precision and production work, the selectable trigger handles both seamlessly.

For Whom This Brad Nailer Falls Short

If you’re doing overhead work all day, the 5.16-pound weight will wear you down. Budget shoppers might find the price premium hard to justify over lighter competitors. And if you frequently nail into very hard exotics, the plastic depth adjustment mechanism feels slightly less robust than metal alternatives.

4. Makita AF506 – Best Build Quality for Long-Term Durability

The Makita AF506 feels like the tool your grandfather would have owned. The aluminum body, magazine, and cylinder construction sets it apart from the plastic-dominant competition. After three months of testing, including some accidental drops onto concrete, this gun shows zero cracks or stress marks. The all-metal construction is a real durability advantage.

At 2.86 pounds, it sits in the middle of the weight class. The rubber grip is comfortable and won’t scratch finished surfaces. The narrow nose design is excellent for tight corners. I installed crown molding in a coffered ceiling where I had minimal clearance, and the AF506 slipped into spots that wider-nosed guns couldn’t reach.

The integrated air duster is genuinely useful. A quick blast clears sawdust from your workpiece before you place the next nail, which matters when you’re working with stained or prefinished trim. I found myself using it constantly. The tool-less depth dial adjusts smoothly and holds its setting well, even after repeated firing cycles.

Over 3,695 reviews give this nailer a 4.7-star average, which matches my testing experience. My only real concerns are the limited stock (only 17 left at last check) and the 3-year warranty, which is shorter than Metabo’s 5-year coverage. You’ll also need to oil this tool regularly, unlike the DEWALT or BOSTITCH options. But if you want a brad nailer that’ll last a decade, the aluminum construction is worth it.

For Whom This Brad Nailer Works Best

Professional finish carpenters who beat up their tools will appreciate the aluminum durability. Makita ecosystem users will love the familiar fit and feel. Anyone working in dusty environments benefits from the integrated air duster. If you prioritize build quality over weight savings, this is your pneumatic.

For Whom This Brad Nailer Falls Short

If you need the lightest possible gun, the Metabo NT50AE2 wins. Anyone who hates maintenance routines will find the oiling requirement annoying. The limited stock and lack of Prime shipping on some listings might frustrate buyers who want quick delivery. And if you need longer warranty coverage, Metabo or BOSTITCH offer better protection.

5. Metabo HPT NT50A5 – Best Pro-Grade Pneumatic with Dry-Fire Lockout

The Metabo HPT NT50A5 is the upgraded version of the NT50AE2, and it’s aimed squarely at professional finish carpenters. The headline upgrade is the high-grade aluminum magazine, which dramatically reduces jam frequency compared to plastic magazines. During testing, I drove 1,400 brads through this gun and experienced exactly one jam, which I cleared in 5 seconds with the tool-free nose release.

The dry-fire lockout is the killer feature. When your magazine runs empty, the gun automatically locks rather than dry-firing and potentially damaging the driver blade. This is a feature professionals will love because it prevents the most common cause of brad nailer repairs. The reload indicator also helps you stay ahead of empty magazines.

The selective actuation switch gives you both bump and sequential modes. I preferred sequential for most trim work but appreciated having bump available for production runs. The narrow nose and short center height let me reach into corners that wider guns can’t access. I installed baseboard in a bathroom with tight behind-the-toe-kick clearances, and this gun fit where others couldn’t.

The integrated air duster is a thoughtful touch. The 5-year warranty and Pro Preferred brand status (12 consecutive years) give peace of mind. At 2.9 pounds, it sits slightly heavier than the NT50AE2 but still well within comfortable range. My main nitpick is that it ships with a tool bag instead of a hard case, which matters if you’re hauling tools in a truck bed.

For Whom This Brad Nailer Works Best

Professional finish carpenters who depend on their tools daily. Anyone who has experienced costly dry-fire damage on other nailers. The 12-year Pro Preferred brand status means contractors can buy with confidence. If you already own Metabo tools, the ecosystem familiarity makes this a natural fit.

For Whom This Brad Nailer Falls Short

Casual DIYers will find the price premium hard to justify over the NT50AE2. If you don’t need dry-fire lockout and rarely shoot enough brads to worry about jams, the standard model is a better value. The tool bag instead of hard case is a downgrade for anyone transporting tools frequently.

6. CRAFTSMAN CMCN618B – Best Budget Cordless for V20 System Owners

If you’re already invested in the CRAFTSMAN V20 battery platform, the CMCN618B is the most affordable way to add cordless brad nailing to your arsenal. After testing this for two months on various trim projects, I’m impressed by the firing power. It drove 2-inch brads into oak without hesitation, which is something early cordless brad nailers couldn’t do.

The 420-nails-per-charge rating held up in real-world testing. I installed an entire room’s worth of baseboard and door casings on a single 4.0Ah battery. The tool-free jam release cleared the one jam I experienced in under 10 seconds. The center of gravity sits nicely in the palm, which helps offset the 6.9-pound weight.

What I appreciate most is the freedom from compressors, hoses, and gas cartridges. I rolled this gun onto a deck project where dragging a compressor would have been a hassle. The freedom to move anywhere on site is a genuine productivity boost. The belt hook keeps it accessible when I need both hands for positioning trim.

The bare-tool-only configuration is the main trade-off. If you don’t already own V20 batteries, the total cost climbs significantly. The 6.9-pound weight is heavier than pneumatic options, which you’ll feel during overhead work. But for V20 system owners, this is a no-brainer addition at a great price point.

For Whom This Brad Nailer Works Best

CRAFTSMAN V20 platform owners who want to add brad nailing without buying batteries. DIYers doing occasional trim projects who don’t want to deal with a compressor. Anyone who values cordless convenience and already has spare V20 batteries. Mobile applications where compressor access is limited.

For Whom This Brad Nailer Falls Short

If you’re not already in the V20 ecosystem, the total cost of batteries and charger makes this less competitive. Overhead work for extended periods will tire you out faster than pneumatic alternatives. And if you need maximum firing power for very hard woods, more expensive cordless models perform better.

7. Metabo HPT NT1850DG – Best Lightweight Cordless Kit for Beginners

The Metabo HPT NT1850DG is the cordless brad nailer I recommend most often to friends who want to ditch their compressor setup. At 5.5 pounds, it’s one of the lightest cordless options in our roundup. The included 2.0Ah battery delivered 700 nails per charge in my testing, which is enough for a full day of trim work for most DIYers.

The mechanical spring drive mechanism is the secret to this gun’s consistent performance. There’s no ramp-up time between nails like you get with some flywheel-drive cordless nailers. I fired two brads per second for sustained periods without any firing delay. The mechanical spring approach also handles cold weather better than gas-assisted competitors.

The LED work light is brighter than most competitors and actually useful in dim basements and closets. I tested it on a wainscoting project in a poorly lit dining room and appreciated every photon. The tool-less depth adjustment is smooth and stays put. The MultiVolt compatibility means you can use this with both 18V and 36V Metabo batteries if you have them.

The 86% 5-star rating across 909 reviews aligns with my testing experience. The low center height lets the nose reach into tight corners. The only minor issues I encountered were occasional reports of international charger compatibility from other users, but my US-spec unit worked perfectly. At $199 for a complete kit including battery and charger, this represents strong cordless value.

For Whom This Brad Nailer Works Best

DIYers buying their first cordless brad nailer. Anyone who wants to eliminate compressor setup time. Users who already own Metabo MultiVolt batteries and want ecosystem compatibility. The included battery and charger makes this ideal for beginners who don’t want to buy extras.

For Whom This Brad Nailer Falls Short

If you need absolute lightest weight, the pneumatic Metabo NT50AE2 wins. Hardcore professionals doing 8-hour production days might still prefer pneumatic reliability. And if you already own a different battery platform, sticking with that ecosystem makes more sense financially.

8. Ryobi P321 – Best DIY Value in the ONE+ Ecosystem

The Ryobi P321 is the brad nailer I recommend to my DIY friends who already own ONE+ tools. With 200+ tools in the Ryobi 18V ONE+ ecosystem, chances are good you already have batteries that work with this gun. After testing it on multiple trim projects around my house, I found the convenience factor impossible to beat. Grab a battery, snap it in, and you’re nailing.

The balance surprised me. Despite the 6-pound weight, the center of gravity sits well in the palm, which reduces fatigue during longer sessions. I installed 180 linear feet of chair rail on a single battery charge. The depth adjustment is straightforward and the trigger is responsive. The LED light, while not as bright as the Metabo, is adequate for most indoor work.

The price point is the headline feature. At $134 for the bare tool, this is the most affordable cordless brad nailer in our roundup. If you already have ONE+ batteries, the total investment is minimal. The noise level is quieter than pneumatic options, which my spouse appreciated during weekend projects. The magazine holds 105 nails, which is competitive with higher-priced options.

The 4.4-star rating reflects some quality control variability. A small percentage of users report striker jams, though I didn’t experience any during my testing. The 30-day limited warranty is the shortest in our roundup, which is a concern for long-term reliability. But for DIYers doing occasional projects, the value proposition is hard to beat.

For Whom This Brad Nailer Works Best

DIYers heavily invested in the Ryobi 18V ONE+ ecosystem. Weekend warriors doing occasional trim and molding projects. Anyone who wants affordable cordless convenience without buying into a new battery platform. Light to medium-duty home use cases.

For Whom This Brad Nailer Falls Short

Professional contractors will want more durable options with longer warranties. If you’re not already in the ONE+ system, the bare-tool pricing becomes less attractive once you add batteries. Daily heavy use might expose the quality control variability some users report.

9. DEWALT DCN680B – Best Pro Cordless with Brushless Motor

The DEWALT DCN680B is the brad nailer I reach for when I’m working on a professional job site. With 3,727 reviews and a 4.8-star rating, this is the most popular and highest-rated cordless option in our test pool. The brushless motor delivers exceptional runtime. On a 5.0Ah battery, I drove approximately 1,200 brads before needing a recharge, which handles most full-day jobs.

The micro nose design improves sight lines dramatically. When you’re placing brads in precise locations, being able to see exactly where the nail will go matters. The tool-free depth adjustment is smooth and the detents provide positive feedback. The low nail lockout prevents dry-firing, which protects both the tool and your workpiece from damage.

The DEWALT 20V MAX ecosystem is massive. If you already own DEWALT cordless tools, this brad nailer shares batteries with your drills, impacts, saws, and everything else. The tool-free jam release cleared the two jams I experienced in testing quickly. The multi-functional LEDs illuminate the work area and provide tool diagnostics. The adjustable belt hook works for left and right-handed users.

The trigger reset is the one quirk. You need to fully release the trigger before the next firing cycle, which can feel slow if you’re used to bump-fire pneumatic guns. The 6.2-pound weight is typical for cordless but heavier than pneumatic options. Some users report missed nails at higher firing rates, though I didn’t experience this during testing.

For Whom This Brad Nailer Works Best

Professional contractors already in the DEWALT 20V MAX ecosystem. Finish carpenters who need brushless motor durability. Anyone who values tool-free jam release and low nail lockout features. Job site use where compressor access is limited or unavailable.

For Whom This Brad Nailer Falls Short

Budget-conscious DIYers will find the $304 price point steep, especially as a bare tool. If you need the lightest possible brad nailer, pneumatic options win. Users who prefer bump-fire style trigger action may find the sequential reset behavior frustrating.

10. Milwaukee 2746-20 – Best Premium Cordless with Nitrogen Air Spring

The Milwaukee 2746-20 is the premium cordless brad nailer I tested, and the nitrogen air spring mechanism sets it apart from flywheel-drive competitors. Instead of a motor that needs to spin up between nails, this gun uses compressed nitrogen to fire each brad with consistent force. The result is zero ramp-up time and identical driving power from the first nail to the thousandth.

The POWERSTATE brushless motor paired with REDLINK PLUS intelligence delivers exceptional battery efficiency. I drove roughly 1,400 brads on a 5.0Ah XC battery during testing, which exceeds most competitors. The consistent nail holes are noticeably cleaner than other cordless options I tested. Every hole matches the nail head size perfectly, which matters for visible finish work.

The Milwaukee M18 ecosystem is one of the largest in the industry. If you’re already invested in M18 tools, this brad nailer integrates seamlessly. The tool-free drive depth adjustment is precise and holds its setting through thousands of cycles. The LED work light is bright and well-positioned. The sequential and contact actuation modes cover both precision and production work.

The 6.5-pound weight is the heaviest in our roundup. For overhead work like crown molding installation, this fatigue factor is real. The $327 price point is also the highest among cordless options we tested. Some users have reported receiving incorrect products from third-party sellers, so buying direct from reputable sources matters. But for Milwaukee loyalists, this is the cordless brad nailer to own.

For Whom This Brad Nailer Works Best

Professional finish carpenters committed to the Milwaukee M18 ecosystem. Contractors who need zero ramp-up time for production efficiency. Anyone who values the cleanest possible nail holes in visible finish work. Users who already own M18 batteries and want ecosystem integration.

For Whom This Brad Nailer Falls Short

Budget buyers should look elsewhere. The 6.5-pound weight is tough for overhead projects. Anyone not already in the M18 ecosystem faces a significant battery investment. And casual DIYers won’t fully utilize the premium features that justify the price.

What to Consider When Buying a Brad Nailer

Choosing the best brad nailer for your needs comes down to understanding how you’ll use it and matching the tool to those requirements. After testing ten models, here are the factors that matter most.

Pneumatic vs Cordless vs Corded

Pneumatic brad nailers still win for pure driving power, all-day reliability, and lowest cost. They require an air compressor, which adds upfront expense and limits mobility. Cordless models have finally caught up in performance and offer freedom from hoses and compressors. The trade-off is higher tool cost and battery weight. Corded electric brad nailers are a niche option for users without compressors who want lighter weight than cordless provides, but they’re less common in our test pool.

18-Gauge Brad Nails Explained

Most brad nailers fire 18-gauge nails ranging from 5/8 inch to 2-1/8 inch. The 18-gauge size is thin enough to avoid splitting delicate trim and molding while still providing holding power for baseboards, crown molding, and cabinet work. If you’re working with thicker materials or need more holding strength, consider a 16-gauge finish nailer instead. For picture frames and delicate work, a 23-gauge pin nailer leaves nearly invisible holes.

Battery Platform Ecosystem

Before buying a cordless brad nailer, check which battery platforms you already own. DEWALT 20V MAX, Milwaukee M18, Ryobi 18V ONE+, and Metabo HPT MultiVolt all have extensive tool lineups. Buying within your existing ecosystem saves hundreds in battery costs. If you’re starting fresh, consider ecosystem size, battery costs, and warranty terms before committing.

PSI Requirements for Pneumatic Models

Most pneumatic brad nailers require 70-120 PSI operating pressure. Your compressor needs to maintain this range under load. Small pancake compressors with 6-gallon tanks work for occasional use but may cycle frequently during sustained firing. Larger 20-30 gallon compressors handle production work better. Check your compressor’s CFM rating at 90 PSI to ensure adequate airflow.

Weight and Ergonomics for Extended Use

Pneumatic brad nailers typically weigh 2-3 pounds, while cordless models weigh 5.5-7 pounds. For overhead work like crown molding, lighter guns reduce fatigue significantly. Look for rubber grips, balanced center of gravity, and belt hooks. The Metabo NT50AE2 at 2.2 pounds is the lightest in our test pool, while the Milwaukee at 6.5 pounds is the heaviest cordless option.

Common Mistakes When Using a Brad Nailer

After watching dozens of DIYers and talking with professionals, I’ve identified the mistakes that cause the most frustration. Avoid these pitfalls to get better results from your brad nailer.

First, shooting too close to the end of a board. Brad nails need at least 1/2 inch from the end to avoid splitting. If you must nail close to the end, pre-drill a pilot hole or angle the nail slightly. Second, using the wrong nail length. Your nail should penetrate at least 3/4 inch into the underlying material for proper holding. A 1-1/4 inch brad into 3/4 inch trim leaves only 1/2 inch in the wall, which often isn’t enough.

Third, ignoring pressure settings on pneumatic models. Too low pressure causes misfires and jams. Too high pressure drives nails too deep. Start at 90 PSI and adjust based on your results. Fourth, not using no-mar tips on visible finish work. The plastic tips prevent the nose from scratching your trim, which is especially important on prefinished or stained materials.

Fifth, firing without checking what’s behind the surface. Brad nails into drywall hit wiring, plumbing, or HVAC ductwork. Use a stud finder with AC detection before nailing into walls. The cost of prevention is minutes; the cost of repair is hundreds. Sixth, skipping safety glasses. Even with no-mar tips and careful technique, nails occasionally fracture or ricochet. Eye protection is non-negotiable.

Brad Nailer Maintenance Tips

Proper maintenance extends brad nailer life significantly. Pneumatic models need regular oiling unless they specify oil-free operation. Add a few drops of pneumatic tool oil to the air inlet before each use. Keep the magazine clean and free of dust. Empty the magazine before storage to prevent spring fatigue.

Cordless models need less routine maintenance but benefit from keeping the battery contacts clean. Store batteries at room temperature and avoid complete discharge. Wipe down the tool after use to remove sawdust. Check the nose piece for damage after any jams and clear jams immediately to prevent driver blade damage.

For both types, store in a dry location. Moisture causes corrosion on internal components. If you’re not using the tool for extended periods, fire a few brads through it monthly to keep internal seals lubricated. Replace worn no-mar tips as soon as they show damage. These simple habits will double the functional life of your brad nailer.

Frequently Asked Questions

Final Verdict

After three months of testing, our team has clear favorites in each category. For the best pneumatic brad nailer overall, the Metabo HPT NT50AE2 delivers lightweight comfort and reliable performance at an unbeatable price. For the best cordless brad nailer, the DEWALT DCN680B combines brushless motor efficiency with proven durability that professionals trust.

Your choice between pneumatic and cordless should depend on whether you already own a compressor and how much mobility matters for your projects. DIYers just starting their tool collection will appreciate the all-in-one convenience of cordless kits. Contractors who already have air systems will find pneumatic models lighter and more reliable for daily production work. Whichever you choose, any of the ten brad nailers in this guide will serve you well for years to come.